Hexoskin & Astroskin Measurements
Compare the recorded signals, processed data channels, and range or recording metrics available across Hexoskin and Astroskin. Select a product and data group to explore the measurements relevant to the protocol.
Garment and recorder for ECG, respiration, and movement.
Garment, headband, and recorder with additional optical and temperature sensing.
Astroskin also reports SpO₂ from its forehead optical sensor and a systolic blood-pressure estimate derived from ECG and PPG.
Begin with the physiological response the study needs to characterize. The signal source, processing, and analysis window determine what a measurement can explain.
See the full waveforms the garment records: ECG, chest and abdominal breathing movement, and acceleration. Astroskin adds PPG and skin temperature for optical and thermal measurements.
Compare SignalsFollow heart rate, breathing rate, beat intervals, and activity over time. Minute ventilation and, on Astroskin, SpO₂ follow on the same timeline.
Explore Data ChannelsSummarize a selected activity or the whole recording with averages, ranges, distributions, HRV measures, and sleep summaries.
Explore MetricsSelect a card to read its definition. Filter by product, data group, or measurement area, or search for a measurement.
Accelerometry and Actigraphy: Three-axis acceleration with 0.004 g resolution.
Single-Lead ECG (Hexoskin): Electrocardiogram recorded by the textile electrodes: one ECG channel with 16-bit resolution.
Three-Lead ECG (Astroskin): Electrocardiogram recorded by the textile electrodes: up to three ECG leads with 16-bit resolution.
PPG: Photoplethysmography: the optical pulse waveform recorded by the forehead sensor.
Thoracic and Abdominal Respiration (Hexoskin): Respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) from the thoracic and abdominal bands, sampled at 128 Hz with 16-bit resolution. The raw signal follows chest and abdominal movement; a decrease in the raw value corresponds to an increase in volume.
Thoracic and Abdominal Respiration (Astroskin): Respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) from the thoracic and abdominal bands, sampled at 125 Hz with 16-bit resolution. The raw signal follows chest and abdominal movement; a decrease in the raw value corresponds to an increase in volume.
Skin Temperature: Recorded by the Astroskin temperature sensor, in degrees Celsius.
Actigraphy: Signal based on the accelerometer intensity vector, averaged over the last second.
Activity: Level based on the accelerometer intensity vector.
ANN: Average of the valid RR (NN) intervals, calculated over the last 5 minutes.
Breathing Rate: Calculated over the last 7 respiratory cycles.
Breathing Rate Quality: Quality status of the breathing rate signal.
Cadence: Averaged over the last 7 strides, based on the accelerometer.
Device Position: Onset of each change in device position.
ECG Quality: Quality status of the ECG signal, including lead-off detection for each electrode.
Energy Mifflin Keytel: Energy expenditure estimated from the ECG with the Mifflin and Keytel equations, adjusted for the user’s weight, height, sex, maximum heart rate, and minimum heart rate.
Expiration: Detection of each expiration onset.
Heart Rate: Averaged over the last 16 heartbeats.
Heart Rate Quality: Quality status of the heart rate signal.
HRV HF: HRV high-frequency (HF) power, from 0.15 to 0.4 Hz, calculated with the Lomb periodogram.
HRV LF: HRV low-frequency (LF) power, from 0.04 to 0.15 Hz, calculated with the Lomb periodogram.
HRV LF Normalized: Normalized HRV low-frequency power, LF / (LF + HF), with LF from 0.04 to 0.15 Hz and HF from 0.15 to 0.4 Hz, calculated with the Lomb periodogram.
HRV Triangular: Index of the NN intervals, calculated over the last 5 minutes.
Inspiration: Detection of each inspiration onset.
Minute Ventilation: Minute ventilation: the volume of air inspired per minute over the last 7 complete respiratory cycles, based on the raw signal. Minute Ventilation Adjusted accounts for the user profile.
Minute Ventilation Adjusted: Minute ventilation: the volume of air inspired per minute over the last 7 complete respiratory cycles, adjusted for the user profile.
NN Intervals: Time between two valid heartbeat detections, calculated for every QRS event.
NN Over RR: Ratio of valid NN intervals to all RR intervals over the last 5 minutes, used as a quality score for the HRV results.
Oxygen Saturation (SpO₂): Peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO₂) measured by the forehead optical sensor, in percent.
RR Interval Quality: Quality status of the last detected QRS complex.
RR Intervals: Time between two heartbeat detections, calculated for every QRS event and saved at the center of the QRS complex.
SDNN: Standard deviation of the valid RR (NN) intervals, calculated over the last 5 minutes.
Sleep Phase: Onset of each change in sleep phase.
Sleep Position: Onset of each change in sleeping position.
SpO₂ Quality: Quality status of the SpO₂ signal, including perfusion and sensor contact.
Step: Number of steps since the beginning of the recording.
Systolic Blood Pressure Estimate: Systolic blood-pressure estimate derived from the pulse transit time between the ECG and the PPG, adjusted for the user profile, in mmHg.
Systolic Estimate Quality: Quality status of the systolic blood-pressure estimate, based on the ECG, the PPG, and the pulse transit delay.
Temperature Quality: Quality status of the skin-temperature signal.
Tidal Volume: Tidal volume: the volume of air inspired in the last inspiration, based on the raw signal. Tidal Volume Adjusted accounts for the user profile.
Tidal Volume Adjusted: Tidal volume: the volume of air inspired in the last inspiration, adjusted for the user profile.
Act Avg: Average activity level for the selected range (activity) or recording.
Act Histogram: Distribution of the acceleration signal from the three-axis accelerometer over time.
Act Max: Maximum activity level for the selected range (activity) or recording.
Act Min: Minimum activity level for the selected range (activity) or recording.
ASDNN: Average of the standard deviations of all NN intervals.
AVNN: Average of the NN intervals.
BR Avg: Average breathing rate for the selected range (activity) or recording.
BR Histogram: Distribution of breathing rate over time.
BR Max: Maximum breathing rate for the selected range (activity) or recording.
BR Min: Minimum breathing rate for the selected range (activity) or recording.
Cadence Avg: Average cadence for the selected range (activity) or recording.
Cadence Histogram: Distribution of cadence for the selected range (activity) or recording.
Cadence Max: Maximum cadence for the selected range (activity) or recording.
Cadence Min: Minimum cadence for the selected range (activity) or recording.
Duration: Total duration of the selected range (activity) or recording.
Energy Histogram: Distribution of energy expenditure, estimated with the Mifflin and Keytel equations from each user’s VO2max, maximum heart rate, and minimum heart rate.
Estimated Energy Expenditure: Total energy expenditure estimated with the Mifflin and Keytel equations, using the VO2max, maximum heart rate, and minimum heart rate set for each user from the fitness tests, or default values based on age and sex when the tests were not completed.
Estimated Energy Expenditure, Total: Total energy expenditure, estimated with the Mifflin and Keytel equations from each user’s VO2max, maximum heart rate, and minimum heart rate.
Estimated Metabolic Power, Average: Average energy expenditure, estimated with the Mifflin and Keytel equations from each user’s VO2max, maximum heart rate, and minimum heart rate.
Estimated Metabolic Power, Maximum: Maximum energy expenditure, estimated with the Mifflin and Keytel equations from each user’s VO2max, maximum heart rate, and minimum heart rate.
Estimated Metabolic Power, Minimum: Minimum energy expenditure, estimated with the Mifflin and Keytel equations from each user’s VO2max, maximum heart rate, and minimum heart rate.
HF Power, Average: Average HRV high-frequency power.
HR Avg: Average heart rate for the selected range (activity) or recording.
HR Histogram: Distribution of heart rate over time.
HR Max: Maximum heart rate for the selected range (activity) or recording. In a user profile, it gives the user’s overall maximum heart rate.
HR Min: Minimum heart rate for the selected range (activity) or recording.
HRVHF Norm Max: Maximum normalized HRV high-frequency power.
HRVHF Norm Min: Minimum normalized HRV high-frequency power.
HRVLF Avg: Average HRV low-frequency power.
HRVLF Norm Avg: Average normalized HRV low-frequency power.
MV Adjusted Avg: Average adjusted minute ventilation, calculated with the user’s weight and the RIP band adjustment factor.
MV Adjusted Histogram: Distribution of adjusted minute ventilation over time.
MV Adjusted Max: Maximum adjusted minute ventilation.
MV Adjusted Min: Minimum adjusted minute ventilation.
MV Avg: Average minute ventilation based on the raw signal. MV Adjusted Avg gives the value adjusted for the user.
MV Histogram: Distribution of minute ventilation based on the raw signal. MV Adjusted Histogram gives the values adjusted for the user.
MV Max: Maximum minute ventilation based on the raw signal. MV Adjusted Max gives the value adjusted for the user.
MV Min: Minimum minute ventilation based on the raw signal. MV Adjusted Min gives the value adjusted for the user.
Normalized HF HRV, Average: Average normalized HRV high-frequency power.
Power NN: Total power, or variance, of the NN intervals.
RMSSD: Root mean square of the successive differences between normal RR (NN) intervals, a time-domain measure of heart rate variability. It is calculated on NN intervals rather than all RR intervals to exclude as many noise artifacts as possible.
SDANN: Standard deviation of the averages of the NN intervals.
SDNN: Standard deviation of all NN intervals.
Skin Temperature Avg: Average skin temperature for the selected range (activity) or recording.
Skin Temperature Max: Maximum skin temperature for the selected range (activity) or recording.
Skin Temperature Min: Minimum skin temperature for the selected range (activity) or recording.
Sleep Efficiency: Proportion of time asleep over the time in bed.
Sleep Non REM Time: Total time in non-REM sleep during the sleep period, from sleep onset to the last awakening.
Sleep Percent: Proportion of time asleep over the sleep time, defined as the time in bed minus the sleep latency.
Sleep Phase Histogram: Distribution of sleep phases over the night.
Sleep Position Changes: Number of sleeping-position changes detected during the night.
Sleep Position Histogram: Distribution of sleeping positions over the night.
Sleep Position P1 Time: Total time in sleeping position 1 (on the belly when the recorder is in orientation 2).
Sleep Position P2 Time: Total time in sleeping position 2 (on the back when the recorder is in orientation 2).
Sleep Position P3 Time: Total time in sleeping position 3 (on the right side when the recorder is in orientation 2).
Sleep Position P4 Time: Total time in sleeping position 4 (on the left side when the recorder is in orientation 2).
Sleep Position P5 Time: Total time in sleeping position 5 (standing when the recorder is in orientation 2).
Sleep REM Time: Total time in REM sleep during the sleep period, from sleep onset to the last awakening.
Sleep Wake Time: Total time awake during the sleep period, from sleep onset to the last awakening.
SpO₂ Avg: Average peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO₂) for the selected range (activity) or recording.
SpO₂ Max: Maximum peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO₂) for the selected range (activity) or recording.
SpO₂ Min: Minimum peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO₂) for the selected range (activity) or recording.
Steps: Number of steps detected in the selected range (activity) or recording.
Systolic Estimate Avg: Average systolic blood-pressure estimate, calculated when the estimate’s quality status is valid.
Systolic Estimate Max: Maximum systolic blood-pressure estimate, calculated when the estimate’s quality status is valid.
Systolic Estimate Min: Minimum systolic blood-pressure estimate, calculated when the estimate’s quality status is valid.
Tidal Volume Adjusted Avg: Average adjusted tidal volume.
Tidal Volume Adjusted Histogram: Distribution of adjusted tidal volume over time.
Tidal Volume Adjusted Max: Maximum adjusted tidal volume.
Tidal Volume Adjusted Min: Minimum adjusted tidal volume.
Tidal Volume Avg: Average tidal volume based on the raw signal. Tidal Volume Adjusted Avg gives the value adjusted for the user.
Tidal Volume Histogram: Distribution of tidal volume based on the raw signal. Tidal Volume Adjusted Histogram gives the values adjusted for the user.
Tidal Volume Max: Maximum tidal volume based on the raw signal. Tidal Volume Adjusted Max gives the value adjusted for the user.
Tidal Volume Min: Minimum tidal volume based on the raw signal. Tidal Volume Adjusted Min gives the value adjusted for the user.
Time To Fall Asleep: Time from the start of the sleep activity to the first detected sleep phase, also called sleep latency.
Total Sleep Time: Time spent in any sleep phase.
Triangular Index: Integral of the density distribution of the NN intervals (the number of all NN intervals) divided by the maximum of that distribution.
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